Description:

The transition towards ecological transport has become a global priority as urbanization intensifies challenges related to congestion, pollution, and inefficient mobility. This study examines the integration of electric buses, trams, and cycling infrastructure in Russia and Azerbaijan by drawing on the experiences of Japan and China. Japan’s approach, characterized by gradual technological innovation and a focus on hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, contrasts with China’s large-scale deployment of electric buses and rapid tram expansion. These differing strategies provide valuable insights into the feasibility of sustainable transport models in emerging urban environments.