Açıqlama:

The analysis of main factors and history of the rise of terrorism under the guise of islam during the cold war is held. The fact that process of emergence of radical movements in the near and middle east countries was derived from both internal socio-political and external global geopolitical processes is shown. It is mentioned, that after the gain of state independence Muslim countries stuck between two world poles, and Islam, in different versions matched with nationalism, in dependence with the nature of ruling regime showed itself in various forms. Social and political discontent of the population in these countries translated into cultural field through refusal of nationalist ideology of ruling regimes and its substitution by Islamic system of views. As a result juxtaposition of nationalist ideology with religious system of views in Muslim countries brought to international arena Islamic movements. It is maintained, that the Soviet Union in its fight for geopolitical supremacy on the near and middle east, as well as in the south Asia supported elaboration and interpretation of some Islamic dogmas in socialist way. The west headed by the USA, in its turn, actively used it as a tool against the spread of leftist ideas in these regions. Invasion of the soviet troops in December 1979 to Afghanistan became a real reflection of aggravation of the global ideological confrontation, which turned into open armed clash. Engagement of thousands of foreign fighters from different countries in Afghanistan war stimulated creation of transnational network to “protect Muslims from threats”, what in next decades turned into global network of activists of so called “salafi jihadism”. most of these “jihadists” participated in conflicts, first in Bosnia, then in Chechnya, the south-east Asia, the horn of Africa, and finally, in Iraq and Syria. They as an ideological basis of the activity used certain Islamic dogmas, artificially separated from their religious, philosophical and spiritual context.