Məqalədə Azərbaycan Respublikasının Konstitusiyasına əlavə və dəyişikliklərin edilməsi qaydasının hüquqi, terminoloji və institusional aspektləri hərtərəfli təhlil edilir. Müəllif Konstitusiyanın xalqın dövlət hakimiyyətinin yeganə mənbəyi olması prinsipini təsbit edən ümumxalq səsverməsi (referendum) yolu ilə qəbul edilməsi faktına xüsusi diqqət yetirir. Vurğulanır ki, konstitusiya dəyişikliklərinin referendum vasitəsilə həyata keçirilməsi xalq suverenliyinin, demokratik idarəetmənin və hüquqi dövlət prinsiplərinin təmin olunmasında mühüm rol oynayır. Lakin qanunvericilikdə “dəyişiklik” və “əlavə” terminləri arasında aydın fərqin olmaması hüquqi ziddiyyətlərə, fərqli şərhlərə və tətbiqi çətinliklərə yol açır. Müəllifin fikrincə, Konstitusiya mətninə yeni müddəa və ya maddələrin daxil edilməsi də dəyişiklik hesab edilməli və nəticə etibarilə referendum yolu ilə qəbul olunmalıdır.
Müəllif :
Nәzrin Nağıyeva
Nəşr tarixi : 2025
Məqalədə vətəndaş cəmiyyətinin fəlsəfi və hüquqi əsasları əsas klassik nəzəriyyələr vasitəsilə araşdırılır. Vətəndaş cəmiyyəti dövlətdən fərqlənən, fərdi azadlığın və xüsusi-hüquqi münasibətlərin reallaşdığı bir sfera kimi müəyyən edilir. Onun tarixi təşəkkülü azad şəhərlər, kommunalar, gildiyalar və korporasiyalar kimi təsisatlarla əlaqələndirilir.
Müəllif :
Mehriban Babaxanova
Nəşr tarixi : 2025
Human rights are fundamental rights and freedoms that are inherent to all individuals, regardless of race, sex, nationality, religion or any other status. However, despite their formal recognition in international law, these rights are not always guaranteed in practice. Countless individuals around the world continue to suffer from systemic discrimination, injustice, violence and the denial of fundamental freedoms. In such contexts, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) have emerged as key actors in the promotion and protection of human rights. Operating independently of state institutions, NGOs play a multifaceted role: they raise awareness of human rights violations, provide legal aid and psychosocial support to victims, monitor abuses, and hold governments and other powerful actors accountable. Their efforts often extend beyond advocacy to include outreach, research, education, and policy development. This paper examines the expanding role of NGOs within the international human rights framework, highlighting their diverse functions and their growing influence in shaping both local and global responses to human rights abuses. The discussion also considers the challenges these organizations face, including political resistance, security risks, and financial constraints, as well as ongoing efforts to advance justice, accountability, and dignity for all.
Müəllif :
Lamiya Ismayilova
Nəşr tarixi : 2025
The study provides a comprehensive analysis of the place of the principle of liberty within the system of human rights principles, drawing upon historical and theoretical perspectives, doctrinal diversity in legal scholarship, international legal instruments, and judicial practice. In the first part of the study, the relevance of the topic and its main directions are identified, including the key factors that determine the significance of the principle of liberty within the human rights system. It is emphasized that the principle of liberty constitutes one of the fundamental categories forming the theoretical and normative foundation of human rights law. At the same time, it is not merely a specific right, but also a guiding principle that defines the essence of the relationship between the individual and the state, as well as the limits of legal regulation. Moreover, as an integral component of human dignity, liberty is regarded as one of the essential foundations of individual autonomy, self-realization, and recognition as a legal subject. The second part of the research evaluates the principle of liberty within the broader context of the relationship between law and freedom. The third part examines the historical development of the principle of liberty and its recognition and consolidation as a human right. Reference to the views of prominent thinkers in this field, as well as to contemporary scholarship, enables the formulation of well-grounded conclusions. The fourth part identifies the key characteristics of liberty as a foundational basis for the realization of other rights. The fifth part analyzes the constitutional foundations of the principle of liberty. A comparative review of the constitutions of various states across different regions of the world demonstrates that the right to liberty is, in most cases, broadly enshrined, which has contributed to its recognition and development as a constitutional principle. In the concluding section, the findings of the research are summarized and a number of significant propositions are advanced.
Müəllif :
Aygul Jahangirova
Nəşr tarixi : 2025
Effective protection of civil rights constitutes a fundamental element of the rule of law and a core requirement of modern civil justice systems. Contemporary legal orders increasingly recognise that the mere formal proclamation of civil rights is insufficient unless accompanied by accessible, effective, and enforceable judicial remedies. This article examines the evolution of civil rights protection mechanisms through a comparative analysis of Azerbaijan and the European Union. It explores how the concept of effective judicial protection has developed from a procedural guarantee into a substantive principle shaping civil law adjudication. Particular attention is paid to the role of courts in transforming civil rights from abstract norms into practical and effective entitlements, with special reference to the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. The article further analyses the constitutionalisation of civil remedies and the growing importance of proportionality, judicial reasoning, and enforcement as decisive elements of effective civil justice. It argues that while Azerbaijan has established a comprehensive normative framework for civil rights protection, further alignment with European standards—especially regarding access to justice, quality of judicial reasoning, and enforcement of judgments—would significantly enhance the effectiveness of civil justice. In methodological terms, the study employs comparative and doctrinal legal analysis, examining constitutional provisions, civil legislation, and judicial practice. Special emphasis is placed on the interpretative role of courts in shaping the practical effectiveness of civil rights through reasoned adjudication and enforceable remedies. The findings contribute to ongoing academic debates on the substantive dimension of civil rights protection within contemporary civil justice systems.
Müəllif :
Parvin Guliyeva
Nəşr tarixi : 2025
This article critically examines the existing European legal frameworks addressing the challenges posed by deepfake technology. It highlights the significant risks associated with deepfakes, including misinformation, infringements on personal image rights, privacy violations, and threats to democratic processes. Central to the analysis is the European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act), set to come into force in August 2025, which introduces the first binding legal definition and regulatory obligations for high-risk AI applications, including deepfakes. The article also considers complementary instruments such as the GDPR, the Digital Services Act, and relevant national legislation within Member States like Germany and France. Despite these regulatory advances, structural gaps remain—particularly in enforcement mechanisms and the inclusion of end-users—that hinder comprehensive governance. The article underscores the necessity for a multifaceted, coordinated approach combining harmonized enforcement, technological oversight, public awareness, and evolving legal measures to effectively regulate synthetic media technologies within the European legal order.
Müəllif :
Ismayil Musayev
Nəşr tarixi : 2025
The exponential growth of artificial intelligence (AI) has reshaped world economic, legal, and social structures, posing critical questions on how to control its deployment while protecting human rights. This paper studies legal responses to AI in key jurisdictions, the United States, European Union, China, and Canada, and their divergent regulatory philosophies. The EU employs a horizontal, rights-based approach based on ethics, data protection, and the "Brussels effect" that seeks to export its regime to the world. The United States follows a decentralized, market-centred regime combining federal guidance with various state-level experiments. China embraces a dirigiste approach with a focus on government control and data regulation via the PIPL, DSL, and CSL, with AI incorporated into judicial and administration proceedings. Canada, while circumspect, tests “regulatory sandboxes” and disclosure policies by courts to harmonize innovation with openness. Comparative studies show decentralized world governance and dangers of legal incompatibilities, imbalance in ethics, and digital disenfranchisement. The paper suggests the adoption of international standards on transparency, accountability, and fairness in algorithms; increased public-private partnerships; and capacity-building programs to make AI integration unbiased. Finally, the paper concludes that regulation of AI must transcend national borders, creating a consistent legal framework that harmonizes innovation with inherent rights, forestalls abuse, and fosters sustainable digital development. The paper is convinced that proactive, coordinated effort at a world level is the only way that AI can become a force for human progress instead of a dispenser of inequality and control.
Müəllif :
Aydan Abdullayeva
Nəşr tarixi : 2025
This study examines the similar and different aspects of the medical legislation of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the medical legislation of developed states. The research focuses on key legal areas such as patients’ rights, healthcare professionals’ responsibilities, medical ethics, licensing and accreditation of medical institutions, health insurance systems, and state regulation of healthcare services. The analysis shows that Azerbaijan’s medical legislation is largely aligned with international legal principles, including the protection of human dignity, the right to health, informed consent, and confidentiality of medical information. Similarities are also observed in the regulation of medical practice standards and public health protection. At the same time, significant differences exist in the scope of legal implementation, enforcement mechanisms, financing models, and the level of integration of digital health technologies. Developed states tend to have more comprehensive regulatory frameworks, stronger institutional control, and wider application of evidence-based medical law. In contrast, Azerbaijan’s medical legislation is still evolving, with ongoing reforms aimed at harmonization with international standards. The study highlights the importance of legal modernization, institutional capacity building, and comparative legal analysis for improving the national healthcare system and ensuring effective protection of patients’ rights. Medical law is the basis for protecting patients' rights and providing effective health services. This article compares the medical law system of the Republic of Azerbaijan with the models of the United States, Great Britain and Germany. Similarities stem from international bioethics standards (UNESCO Declaration) and emphasize patient autonomy, while differences arise from system models (state-centered vs. market/social insurance). The innovations of 2025 – changes to residency rules and penalties for illegal abortions in Azerbaijan, budget cuts in the United States, a 10-year plan in Great Britain, hospital reform in Germany – make the comparison relevant. The analysis is based on legislative documents and international reports, and provides recommendations for Azerbaijan.
Müəllif :
Milana Naghiyeva
Nəşr tarixi : 2025
Interpreting the 21st century, in which we live, from the perspective of world civilization, scientific literature describes it as a period of transition from one socio-cultural paradigm to another. Against this backdrop, personal data and its protection are becoming an important issue. An analysis of international acts shows that at present the main act regulating issues of personal data protection is the General Data Protection Regulation. It is no secret that today's increasingly widespread use of technology in many areas of everyday life and various professional activities creates the basis for the easy collection of personal data and expands the possibilities for its use in ways that undermine individual rights. For this reason, the protection of personal data has become an important element of human rights and freedoms and constitutional control of countries. Thus, the article examines the importance of constitutional supervision in the protection of both human rights and personal data.
Müəllif :
Ilgar Mammadli
Nəşr tarixi : 2025
The article is devoted to the study of the concept of obligations on non-cash settlements as one of the key elements of the civil law institute of non-cash settlements in a market economy. The author examines various interpretations and definitions of the concept of non-cash settlements existing in the legal doctrine. The author notes both advantages and shortcomings of the definition of non-cash settlements in the doctrine of law, given by various researchers and specialists. The review of legal doctrine, as well as legislation gives the author the basis to conclude that the legal doctrine to date lacks a comprehensive and complete definition of non-cash settlements. The author proceeds from the fact that in the legal sphere all definitions and concepts should have the character of formal certainty and be precise and clear. Indeed, the key importance of legal definitions is to legally formalize and regulate the public will. When considering the legal nature of non-cash settlements, the author notes that non-cash settlements are also characteristic to other branches of the national law system. Therefore, depending on this circumstance, the legal definition of this concept may also change. The author restricts the scope of his research to the formulation of civil law definition of non-cash settlements. He notes that in order to define a scientific definition of non-cash settlements in civil law, first of all it is necessary to determine its main features and characteristics. The author attributes such features. These are the existence of a special subject composition (banks and other credit organizations); the possibility of non-cash settlements with or without opening bank accounts; realization of non-cash settlements in accordance with the requirements of the legislation. The author offers his system of the main features of non-cash settlements. Based on the carried out analysis the author gives his own scientific definition of noncash settlements in the civil legal system of Azerbaijan.
Müəllif :
Uzeyir Gasimli
Nəşr tarixi : 2025
